пятница, 29 июня 2018 г.

One touch trading strategy


One Touch Binary Options Strategy.


Why trade Binary Options?


Binary options trading has been gaining popularity gradually and attracting all kinds of traders from novices to those who have ample experience and are well established market players. The reason for this can easily be attributed to the fact that using proper market research tools, careful analysis of various factors that might influence your trade and then placing your trades are bound to give you high returns in addition to minimizing your risks. Using all these factors a trader can generate high profits which may go as high as 150%; thus trading in Binary Options an excellent choice.


Binary Options Strategies.


There are many trading strategies available to trade in Binary Options. Though it is not necessary that a strategy which is good for one trader is good/bad for every other trader too, it is for you to understand each and find a strategy that works best for you.


What is One Touch Binary Options Strategy ?


This is an exotic option where a trader sets a predefined value that his asset is going to reach or “touch” within the time frame that the trade is active or till the trade expiration point. This is one of the binary options strategies that is pretty simple and yields high profits if your trade touches the predefined point before the expiration of the trade. This is a high risk strategy if used randomly; but a very effective and high yield strategy when used with proper understanding.


Understanding One Touch Binary Options Strategy.


Say for example, you have a EUR/USD pair trading at 1.2500. After studying the markets you reach a conclusion that looking at the way the currency price is moving, it is going to touch 1.2400 within the next one hour and you have accordingly placed a 60 minute trade on the EUR/USD pair trading at 1.2500 which is set for a payout of 150%. Now all you need to do is sit back and watch! After about 30 minutes, when you see that the price of the asset reaches/touches the predicted price, it means you have ended in the money and you get a payout of 150% within 30 minutes only. In essence, if you placed a $100 trade, then you get $250 at the end of the trade following this simple One Touch Binary Options Strategy .


Advanced One Touch Binary Options Strategy.


The success of One Touch Binary Options Strategy is dependent primarily on two factors: market volatility and direction of the market. It is important to be able to predict both these two factors accurately to get a winning trade; because if you know that the market is going to explode and have no idea about the direction then this alone will not help. To help predict the direction you can use support points, averages manipulations, patterns isolation etc., and for predictions of volatility ATR (Average True Range) can be used. The ATR techniques consist of Average True Range (ATR), Parabolic SAR, and Relative Strength Index (RSI).


STRATEGY 8 of binary options. Trading Using "One Touch" function.


I’ll start with a foreword.


Besides using other strategies of binary options, I have always been looking for a strategy of binary options with 100% efficiency, guaranteed profit and minimum risk. Now I can assure you that I have found such a strategy of binary options.


If you already know something about trading binary options, you can say: No way! One Touch is the most risky tool! I agree with you but I would like to add that One Touch is the most risky tool only if it is applied carelessly and randomly.


At this page of my website, I would like to tell you in what situations, at what time and on what terms you can use One Touch function to make profit and take minimum risks.


Let’s start with a definition.


Using One Touch function, you must say whether the option price will reach a certain value (known as strike) over a certain period of time. If the option price reaches strike before the option is due, you will get profit. Usually such trades bring high profit – up to 150% from the stake.


For example : You decided that in 30 minutes the EUR/USD rate will go from 1.32500 to 1.32400. In 15 minutes the EUR/USD rate reaches 1.32400, the option closes, and you get profit up to 150%.


Now let’s move to the technique of earning money by using this strategy.


Note that the market can be both volatile and stable.


To use One Touch function, select the most volatile asset with sharp price movements. Volatile swings are usually caused by fundamental factors (economic news in a certain country, publishing of corporation reports).


At Investing website, you can find an economic calendar that shows news for specific countries, specific date, time of publishing, level of importance, previous values, and predicted values. Actual values are shown after the news has been published.


Let’s consider this economic calendar in more detail. Click the image to enlarge it.


As you see from the screen shot, at 16:30 (Moscow time) the two important US indices are published: the Core PCE Price Index and Personal spending. This news has a medium level of importance (two bull heads). At this time, the market may experience sharp swings and fluctuations depending on the actual value.


It is predicted that Personal spending will go down from 0.6% to 0.3%. This is a negative factor for the USD, which may cause EUR/USD rate to go up.


N. B. To determine at what time exactly the news comes out, select the Current Time of your city (see the screenshot below). Select your city or the city located in the same time zone.


N. B! Remember that the actual value can be either worse or better than the expected value. This means that your prediction may differ from the actual value greatly.


To get a guaranteed profit, I recommend you using the following system.


Let’s pretend that at 16:30 the important economic news (requests for unemployment benefits or other news) for the USA will be published. This news must have a high level of importance so you could have higher chances to succeed.


The First and Only Step. Between 15:50 and 16:00, go to One Touch section and buy two options (a call option and a put option) for the same asset (e. g., EUR/USD) and for the same amount of money due at 16:45.


Such options bring 250% profit. So by making money on one option, you will cover losses on the other option and get 50% profit.


You buy two options to be on the safe side!


Moreover, there is possibility of your prediction being false and if the actual value will not coincide with the predicted value, the price may move in unexpected direction. If you have only one stake, you may lose it.


I pull your attention to one important fact : do not use this strategy in a relatively stable market with no sharp fluctuations! Keep your economic calendar handy!


Below I give you a screen shot that proves efficiency of this strategy. By using One Touch strategy, I bought two $500 options and earned $250 of net profit ! The current EUR/USD rate amounted to 1.3236. At 16:00 one trade brought me profit, and the other closed with loss.


Now I bring to your attention the VIDEO CLIP confirming operability of this strategy which is divided into two parts because of large volume.


Below I suggest to look at results of my trades which you saw on video.


Having bought at the same time two options up and down on EUR/GBP with completion date at 19:15 with "one Touch" tool use for $500 everyone, I earned $250 net profit as at 18:52 there was a Touch!


On September 6, 2013 at 11:00 the Halifax House Price Index (annual and monthly) was published. The actual values turned out to be WORSE than the expected ones.


Now let’s see a GBP/USD chart. After the news was published, GBP/USD rate started falling sharply: in a couple of minutes the price went down from 1.5608 to 1.5590.


The First and Only Step. At 10:36 and 10:37 at One Touch section I bought two GBP/USD options (one call option and one put option) for the same amount of money due at 11:15.


By using One touch tool I bought two $100 options and earned $50 of net profit , because one touch happened at 11:14! You can make sure that if I had bought options later (e. g, at 10:45, 15 minutes before the news was due), the touch would have happened much earlier.


On September 6, 2013 at 16:30 4 important news for Canada and 5 important news for the USA are to be published.


The First and Only Step. At 15:34 at One Touch section I bought two USD/CAD options (one call option and one put option) for the same amount of money due at 16:30. The market must become very volatile, because so many important news are expected to be published, and one trade must bring me profit.


The First and Only Step. At 15:34 at One Touch section I bought two EUR/USD options (one call option and one put option) for the same amount of money due at 16:30. The market must become very volatile, because so many important news are expected to be published, and one trade must bring me profit.


Take a look at the result!


Figure 1) shows the trades I have conducted in the morning (see ABOVE for more detail).


2) By using One Touch tool I bought two EUR/USD $500 options and earned $250 of net profit , because the touch happened at 15:55!


3) By using One Touch tool I bought two USD/CAD $500 options and earned $125 of net profit , because the touch happened at 16:12!


THUS, one September 6, 2013 this STRATEGY helped me earn $425 !


On September 10, 2013 the USA news (NFIB index) is published at 15:30 and Canada news (Housing Starts) is published at 16:15.


At 15:30, the news in NFIB index was published, it turned out to be lower than expected (94.0 in red), which affected the US dollar.


As you see from the chart below, USD/CAD rate started going down.


The First and Only Step. At 15:31, at One Touch section, I bought two USD/CAD options (one call option and one put option) due at 16:30. I bought two different options, because there was still time before the 16:15 news. As the result was not known beforehand, the price can go back (i. e, start rising) and because we didn’t know how long this falling would last.


The First and Only Step. Watching the USD/CAD rate going down, at One Touch section I bought another two USD/CAD options (one call option and one put option) due at 16:30. I bought two different options, because there was still time before the 16:15 news. As the result was not known beforehand, the price can go back (i. e, start rising) and because we didn’t know how long this falling would last.


Using One Touch tool, I bought two USD/CAD 500$ options and earned $125 of net profit: the touch happened at 15:48! The news on NFIB index caused USD/CAD rate to fall.


Using One Touch tool, I bought two USD/CAD 500$ options and earned $125 of net profit: the touch happened at 15:52! The news on NFIB index caused USD/CAD rate to fall.


Note that Canada news on Housing Starts was published at 16:15. The actual data turned out to be lower than the expected data, and after 16:15 USD/CAD started going up.


I can also tell you about my first trade on September 10, 2013. It was a usual put option for USD/CAD due at 16:30 which I bought at 15:45. I didn’t use One Touch function to conduct that trade! I bought it relying on the 15:30 news and expected the USD/CAD to fall. I watched USD/CAD movement till 16:15. At 16:15, after the news had been published, USD/CAD rate started going up. I used Pre-term Option Closing function and got the profit of $238.22.


On September 13, 2013 at 16:30 6 USA news is published.


The First and Only Step. At 15:43, at One Touch section, I bought two EUR/USD options (one call option and one put option) due at 16:30. As a great amount of news is published at 16:30, we can expect the market to be significantly volatile even before the actual values are published.


I bought two different options to be on the safe side. We cannot predict the price movement: before the news is published it may go both up and down.


By using One Touch tool I bought two EUR/USD $500 options and earned $250 of net profit : the touch happened at 16:05!


On a calendar on September 23, 2013: at 17:00 the publication of Speech of the President of European Central Bank is expected.


Having bought two options on EUR/USD with "one Touch" tool use for $1000 everyone, I earned $500 net income as at 16:20 there was a Touch!


Having bought two options on EUR/USD with "one Touch" tool use for $100 everyone, I earned $300 net income as at 16:44 and at 16:54 there were TWO Touches!


It is possible to expect that before an exit and after an exit of these news there will be a strong volatility in the market.


Having bought two options on EUR/USD with "one Touch" tool use for $100 everyone, I earned $50 net income as at 15:11 there was a Touch!


Having bought two options on EUR/USD with "one Touch" tool use for $100 everyone, I earned $50 net income as at 15:48 there was a Touch!


Having bought two options on EUR/USD with "one Touch" tool use for $100 everyone, I earned $50 net income as at 15:48 there was a Touch!


Having bought two options on EUR/USD with "one Touch" tool use for $100 everyone, I earned $50 net income as at 16:24 there was a Touch!


It is possible to expect that before an exit of this news there will be a strong volatility in the market.


Having bought two options for USD/CAD with "one Touch" tool use for $500 everyone, I earned $1250 net income as at 15:49 and at 16:11 there were TWO Touches!


Having bought two options on EUR/USD with "one Touch" tool use for $500 everyone, I earned $125 net income as at 16:03 there was a Touch!


Below there are several VIDEOS which will give you answers to some questions concerning OptionBit platform:


When choosing a brokerage company for operating in the options market, private traders, without a doubt, firstly pay attention to the trading conditions offered by the company. But, often, the basic parameters of trading conditions are only considered to be the initial deposit and the initial cost of trading positions. However, there are other criteria of trading conditions, which may affect the results of binary trading and the processes related to trading. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the main criteria of trading conditions and their impact on trading binary options. We will use the Binomo company as our example for analyzing the trading conditions of an options broker.


I decided to write this article for people who treat different ways of earning money online with suspicion and caution. Many of these people strive for financial well-being, but due to some prejudices and common myths, they cannot take the opportunities offered on the web seriously. We will discuss binary options exchange trading and the main myths floating around on the RuNet.


At 11:00 Moscow time course GBP/USD increase is expected.


At 12:13 Moscow time course fall on a currency pair of EUR/USD is expected.


Day of New Year!


The owner of a site doesn't guarantee the similar income to everyone.


One-Touch Option.


What is a 'One-Touch Option'


A one-touch option is a type of exotic option that gives an investor a payout once the price of the underlying asset reaches or surpasses a predetermined barrier. This type of option allows the investor to set the position of the barrier, the time to expiration and the payout to be received once the barrier is broken.


BREAKING DOWN 'One-Touch Option'


Only two outcomes are possible with this type of option: 1) the barrier is breached and the trader collects the full payout agreed upon at the outset of the contract, or 2) the barrier is not breached and the trader loses the full premium paid to the broker.


Simple Strategies for One Touch Binary Options.


One type of binary options trade that is very common is called “One Touch.” Your broker may or may not offer these trades, but many do. They are probably the second most popular type of trade after High/Low. How does it work? With High/Low, you are betting on the direction of price movement, but price does not have to move a particular amount for you to win. It could move a little or a lot, and you would still pull a profit if you picked the right direction. With One Touch trading, you need to be able to predict both the direction of price movement and how far price is going to travel. When you see a One Touch trade, you will notice a goal price listed alongside the expiry time. This is the price that the asset must reach within the expiry period.


One Touch Trading Advantages.


Why take these types of trades if they are harder to win than High/Low trades? When you take a look at the payout values your broker lists, you will understand. The average payout for a winning High/Low trade may be something like 75%, and rarely exceeds 85%. But the payout for a One Touch trade? You may see numbers like 300%, or even 500% or higher. That means if you invested $10 in a One Touch trade and won, the payout could be $50. If you had $100 to invest in a One Touch trade, you could win $500! And if you lose, all you lose is your investment. And who doesn’t want a chance to win more money?


There is a reason the payouts are higher, though. The broker knows they can afford to offer higher payouts, because traders are less likely to win these types of trades for a couple of reasons. First off, no matter how good or bad a trader is at predicting the direction of price movement, there are only two possible directions price can move in a High/Low trade: up or down. That gives a binary options trader fairly good odds of getting lucky, even if they have no method in place. One Touch trades also specify a value price must reach, and that adds a lot more risk for the casual trader, and makes it far less likely they will win by happenstance.


The other reason that payouts may be high is because brokers often set a goal price for the trading asset which they believe the asset is unlikely to reach within the expiry time. Odds are your broker has a lot more time and resources invested into trading than you do, unless you are a full-time professional. But that means serious traders who wager on One Touch options are often mistaken in their strategies, or they simply cannot find a good trade to wager on, since they realize that the market is unlikely to give them the movement they seek.


Despite this, there are still situations where you can win at One Touch options if you are diligent and pay attention. You should understand how important strategy is now for these types of options. You absolutely need to have a plan in place, or you are likely to lose again and again. With a plan, though, you have a shot at those tremendous payouts.


Identifying Market Movement.


The best time to trade One Touch options is always when the market is moving strongly in a particular direction. Take note of the goal price and the expiry time, and open up your trading charts. If you do not have charting software yet, get it for free here. Your goal is to determine whether the market is trending or entering into a trend that will produce enough movement to get you to the goal price on time. To analyze what you see in front of you, you will need a trading method.


TOP RECOMMENDED BROKERS.


One Touch Trading Systems.


What types of trading systems are appropriate for One Touch trading? You can use any strategies which have been developed to predict price movement. So look for trading methods that were designed to help traders identify the start of trends. You will find many free trading strategies on websites for Forex, stock, and futures traders that can get you started. Keeping it simple is smart so that you understand what your system is telling you. Here are a few types of strategies to look into to give you some ideas:


Moving Average Crossover.


One of the simplest trading systems which can be used to identify the start of a trend is one which utilizes a couple of moving averages, a faster one and a slower one. Some traders may use several. When the faster moving average crosses the slower one, that may be indicative of a new trend. You can combine this method with others to produce confluence and get a stronger impression of what is going on.


MACD stands for Moving Average Convergence Divergence. This is an oscillator you set up underneath your chart, and which you can use by itself or with other methods to spot a possible trend formation at a reversal point.


You can also look for patterns in price (or price action) which signal the emergence of a new trend. There are specific patterns you can spot at swing-highs and swing-lows which tend to form when there is going to be a reversal in price.


Consider Support and Resistance.


There are hundreds of different binary options strategies out there, some which stand alone, and others which can be combined with different methods for even greater success. Most rely on some combination of indicators and price patterns. You also may find fundamental trading methods which are ideal if you are an economist. Pay close attention to where support and resistance are likely to form based on price pivot areas in the past when you identify a trade. That way you know where price is likely to hesitate or turn around once it gets going in the direction you specified. Learn about Pivot Points here.


Why is this important? It helps you figure out whether you will be able to reach your target price before a trade expires. If the target price is located in front of a pivot area and you expect no great resistance along the way, you may be looking at an excellent trade. If the goal price is on the other side of a pivot area, you may encounter some difficulty getting there, and may not reach it at all. Those are trades you are less likely to win. Be patient, and always wait for the very best setups, and you will be on your way to winning amazing payouts on One Touch binary options !


Related articles:


BinaryTrading. org has financial relationships with some of the products and services mentioned on this website, and may be compensated if consumers choose to click on our content and purchase or sign up for the service. – U. S. Government Required Disclaimer – Commodity Futures Trading Commission Futures and Options trading has large potential rewards, but also large potential risks. You must be aware of the risks and be willing to accept them in order to invest in the futures and options markets. Don’t trade with money you can’t afford to lose. This is neither a solicitation nor an offer to Buy/Sell futures or options. No representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to those discussed on this web site. The past performance of any trading system or methodology is not necessarily indicative of future results. CFTC rule 4.41 – hypothetical or simulated performance results have certain limitations. unlike an actual performance record, simulated results do not represent actual trading. also, since the trades have not been executed, the results may have under-or-over compensated for the impact, if any, of certain market factors, such as lack of liquidity. simulated trading programs in general are also subject to the fact that they are designed with the benefit of hindsight. no representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieve profit or losses similar to those shown.


DISCLAIMER.


Please note: All content on this website is based on our writers and editors experiences and are not meant to accuse any broker with illegal matters. The words Scam, blacklist, fraud, hoax, sucks, etc are used because all content on this website is written in a fictional, entertainment, satirical and exaggerated format and are therefore sometimes disconnected from reality. All readers must personally judge all content and brokers on their own merits. Additionally, visitors comments are not moderated other than the obvious link spam. People lie. Use your discernment.


DISCLAIMER: Trading binary options is extremely risky and you can lose your entire investment. Only deposit and trade with money you can afford to lose. Always refer to local laws, jurisdictions and authorities before performing any action on the internet. The content on this website is NOT financial advice and by use of this site you agree to hold us 100% harmless for any loss.

M-1 adjustment for stock options


How Stock Options Are Taxed & Reported.
Stock options are an employee benefit that enables an employee to buy the employer’s stock at a discount to the stock’s market price. The options do not convey an ownership interest, but exercising them to acquire the stock does. There are different types of options, each with their own tax results.
Two types of stock options.
Stock options fall into two categories:
Statutory stock options, which are granted under an employee stock purchase plan or an incentive stock option (ISO) plan.
Nonstatutory, or non-qualified, stock options, which are granted without any type of plan.
Tax rules for statutory stock options.
The grant of an ISO or other statutory stock option does not produce any immediate income subject to regular income taxes. Similarly, the exercise of the option to obtain the stock does not produce any immediate income as long as you hold the stock in the year you acquire it. Income results when you later sell the stock acquired by exercising the option.
However, exercising an ISO produces an adjustment for purposes of the alternative minimum tax, or AMT (a shadow tax system designed to ensure that those who reduce their regular tax through deductions and other tax breaks will pay at least some tax). The adjustment is the difference between the fair market value of the stock acquired through the exercise of the ISO over the amount paid for the stock, plus the amount paid for the ISO, if any. However, the adjustment is required only if your rights in the stock are transferable and not subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture in the year that the ISO is exercised. And the fair market value of the stock for purposes of the adjustment is determined without regard to any lapse restriction when rights in the stock first become transferable or when the rights are no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture.
If you sell the stock in the same year that you exercised the ISO, no AMT adjustment is required. This is because the tax treatment becomes the same for regular tax and AMT purposes.
If you have to make an AMT adjustment, increase the basis in the stock by the AMT adjustment. Doing this ensures that when the stock is sold in the future, the gain taxable for AMT purposes is limited (i. e., you don’t pay tax twice on the same amount).
How reporting works.
When you exercise an ISO, your employer issues Form 3921, Exercise of an Incentive Stock Option Plan under Section 423(c), which provides the information needed for tax-reporting purposes. Here’s an example of how to use the information from Form 3921 to report the exercise of an ISO:
Example: This year you exercised an ISO to acquire 100 shares of stock, the rights in which became immediately transferable and not subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture. You paid $10 per share (the exercise price), which is reported in box 3 of Form 3921. On the date of exercise the fair market value of the stock was $25 per share, which is reported in box 4 of the form. The number of shares acquired is listed in box 5. The AMT adjustment is $1,500 ($2,500 [box 4 times box 5] minus $1,000 [box 3 times box 5]).
When you sell the stock acquired through the exercise of an ISO or an employee stock purchase plan, you report gain or loss on the sale. When the stock was acquired at a discount under an employee stock option plan, you’ll receive Form 3922, Transfer of Stock Acquired Through an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, from your employer or the corporation’s transfer agent . The information on this form helps you determine the amount of gain or loss, and whether it is capital or ordinary income.
Tax rules for nonstatutory stock options.
For this type of stock option, there are three events, each with their own tax results: the grant of the option, the exercise of the option and the sale of stock acquired through the exercise of the option. The receipt of these options is immediately taxable only if their fair market value can be readily determined (e. g., the option is actively traded on an exchange). In most cases, however, there is no readily ascertainable value so the granting of the options does not result in any tax.
When you exercise the option, you include in income the fair market value of the stock at the time you acquire it (exercise the option), less any amount you pay for the stock. This is ordinary wage income reported on Form W-2; it increases your tax basis in the stock.
Later when you sell the stock acquired through exercise of the options, you report capital gain or loss for the difference between your tax basis and what you receive on the sale.
The Bottom Line.
Stock options can be a valuable employee benefit. However, the tax rules are complex. If you receive stock options, talk with your tax advisor to determine how these tax rules affect you.

M-1 adjustment for stock options


26% , on Alternative Minimum Taxable Income (AMTI) up to.
2017 - $187,800 ($93,900 for married filing separately)
2016 - $186,300 ($93,150 for married filing separately)
2015 - $185,400 ($92,700 for married filing separately)
28% on AMTI over the above amounts.
AMT Exemption Amounts.
(Before Phase - Out)
Taxpayers Filing Single or Head of Household:
Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Widower:
Married Filing Separately:
Phase - Out Thresholds.
The AMT exemption is reduced by 25% of the amount that alternative minimum taxable income exceeds the threshold amounts listed below.
Single or Head of Household.
Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Widowers.
Married Filing Separately.
Per Code Sec. 56, in calculating alternative minimum taxable income (AMTI), a taxpayer must add or subtract amounts from regular taxable income due to the different treatment of certain tax items for AMT. These additions and subtractions are called AMT adjustments.
NOTE: Individual taxpayers in some cases must also increase regular taxable income in some cases due to the different treatment of certain other tax items for AMT purposes under Code Sec. 57. These increases, called AMT preferences, are discussed on the AMT Preferences page.
Some of the adjustment items are very common, while others only affect a small number of individual taxpayers. The items that are subject to adjustment for AMT for individual taxpayers include:
An individual taxpayer’s AMT adjustment items are added or subtracted in the calculation of AMTI on page 1 of Form 6251. These adjustments are discussed below.
NOTE: All line references below are to the 2017 Form 6251.
Limitation on Overall Itemized Deductions.
The overall limitation on itemized deductions, reinstated in 2013, is an.
adjustment for AMT on Form 6251, line 6.
Miscellaneous Itemized Deductions.
For AMT, an individual taxpayer cannot deduct miscellaneous itemized deductions subject to the 2% of AGI floor (as defined in Code Sec. 67(b)). Therefore, an individual taxpayer must add back these deductions in calculating AMTI. The miscellaneous itemized deductions subject to the 2% of AGI floor include (but are not limited to):
Unreimbursed employee business expenses. Tax return preparation fees. Expenses paid to collect or produce taxable income or to manage or protect property held to earn taxable income.
An individual taxpayer reports the AMT adjustment amount for these items.
(the amount from line 27 of Schedule A, Form 1040) on Form 6251, line 5.
State, Local, and Foreign Taxes.
No deduction is allowed in calculating AMTI for the taxes listed in Code Secs. 164(a) and 164(b)(5)(A). Therefore, an individual taxpayer must add back deductions for these taxes in calculating AMTI. These taxes include:
State, local, and foreign income, war profits, and excise taxes. State, local, and foreign real property taxes. State and local personal property taxes. State, local, and foreign taxes paid or accrued in carrying on a trade or business or an activity for the production of income. State and local sales taxes deducted in lieu of income taxes.
An individual taxpayer reports the AMT adjustment amount for these items.
(line 9 of Schedule A, Form 1040) on Form 6251, line 3.
Standard Deduction and Personal Exemptions.
The basic and additional standard deduction and the deduction for personal.
exemptions are not allowed for AMT. Because the calculation of AMTI starts.
with adjusted gross income (AGI) for individual taxpayers taking the standard deduction (AGI less itemized deductions for taxpayers who itemize), no entry is necessary on Form 6251 to take into account the adjustments for the standard deduction and the personal exemption.
NOTE: The disaster loss deduction under Code Sec. 63(c)(1)(D) and the motor vehicle sales tax deduction under Code Sec. 63(c)(1)(E), which are part of the overall standard deduction, are allowed for AMT.
Medical and dental expenses were deductible in calculating AMTI to the extent that they exceed 10% of AGI. For years before 2013, they are deductible for regular tax purposes to the extent that they exceed 7.5% of AGI and the difference between the deductions for AMT and regular tax (which for practical purposes is the lesser of the amount on line 4 of Schedule A, Form 1040, and 2.5% of the amount on line 38, Form 1040) must be added in calculating AMTI on Form 6251, line 2.
For 2013 and later years, the deduction will be the same for regular tax and AMT, so no adjustment will generally be necessary. However, in 2013 through 2016, a transitional rule in Code Section 213(f) allows taxpayers 65 years and older to continue deducting medical and dental expenses in excess of 7.5% of AGI for regular tax purposes. However, this rule will not apply in determining the AMT deduction. Therefore, taxpayers affected by Code Section 213(f) will have an AMT adjustment for medical and dental expenses in those years.
Mortgage interest: The rules for deducting mortgage interest are more restrictive for AMT than for regular tax. If a taxpayer can deduct more mortgage interest for regular tax than for AMT, the difference is an adjustment that the taxpayer adds back in calculating AMTI.
For the regular tax, individual taxpayers can deduct interest on a mortgage loan that the taxpayer used to purchase a qualified residence (i. e., the taxpayer’s principal residence and one other residence selected by the taxpayer that the taxpayer uses as a personal residence) or refinance an existing loan that was used to purchase a qualified residence, to the extent the refinancing loan does not exceed the original mortgage loan. The taxpayer may also deduct interest on a home equity loan or line of credit. For the AMT, an individual may only deduct interest on a mortgage loan used in acquiring, constructing, or substantially improving a principal residence or qualified dwelling.
NOTE: Because of the “acquiring, constructing, or substantially improving” rule, and the lack of an AMT provision for deducting home equity interest, interest on a home equity loan or line of credit will not be deductible for AMT if a taxpayer uses the proceeds from the loan or line of credit for purposes unrelated to the home.
For the regular tax, a qualified residence (in the case of the taxpayer’s principal residence and an elected second residence) includes a house, mobile home, condominium, houseboat, house trailer, and stock held by a tenant - stockholder in a cooperative housing corporation. For AMT, this is also the case for the taxpayer’s principal residence. However, for AMT purposes, the second residence can only be a home, apartment, condominium, or a mobile home not used on a transient basis.
An individual taxpayer adds back the amount of the adjustment for mortgage interest in calculating AMTI on Form 6251, line 4.
EXAMPLE: T owns a home and a boat that qualifies as a residence for purposes of the regular tax mortgage interest deduction. T has an original mortgage loan used to purchase the home, a home equity line of credit on the home that he has used solely to pay for several vacations, and a loan secured by the boat that he used to purchase the boat. For regular tax purposes, T will be able to deduct the interest on all three of these loans. For AMT purposes, he will only be able to deduct the interest on the original home mortgage loan. T must add back the interest on the home equity line of credit and the boat loan in calculating his AMTI.
Investment interest: For regular tax purposes, an individual taxpayer can deduct investment interest to the extent of his or her net investment income. A taxpayer also can deduct investment interest to the extent of net investment income for AMT purposes, but the taxpayer must take AMT adjustment and preference items and the AMT loss disallowances under Code Sec. 58 into account in determining the amount of investment interest expense that is deductible in computing AMTI. Investment interest that a taxpayer cannot deduct in the current year due to the net investment income limitation can be carried forward and deducted (subject to the limitation) in the next tax year. The difference between the regular tax deduction for investment interest and the AMT deduction for investment interest is an AMT adjustment that is included on Form 6251, Line 8.
Interest on a mortgage loan that is deductible under the AMT rules for home mortgage interest described above is not investment interest. However, where the taxpayer uses the proceeds of a mortgage loan to purchase investment property, the interest on the loan is deductible investment interest for AMT purposes if it is not deductible under the home mortgage interest rules.
Interest on borrowed funds used to purchase private activity bonds are investment interest for AMT because the interest from private activity bonds is included in AMTI. Likewise, the interest on private activity bonds is included in investment income.
Incentive Stock Options.
For regular tax, under Code Section 421, a taxpayer that exercises an incentive stock option is not required to include the difference between the option price and the fair market value of the underlying stock at the time of exercise in income in the year of exercise. For AMT, this difference must be included in income in the year of exercise. Thus, the amount of the difference is an AMT adjustment added back in calculating AMTI on Form 6251, line 14.
NOTE: This adjustment does not apply if the taxpayer sells the stock received in the ISO exercise in the same tax year he or she exercises the ISO.
EXAMPLE: R exercises 100 ISOs in 2017 when the FMV of the stock underlying the options is $10 per share. R pays $5 per share when she exercises the ISOs. R does not recognize any income for regular tax in 2017 due to the exercise of the ISOs. In calculating AMTI, R must add back $500, the difference between the amount when she exercised the ISOs and the FMV of the stock she receives.
For AMT purposes, a taxpayer adds the amount of the adjustment to the basis of the stock.
EXAMPLE: The facts are the same as in the preceding example. R has a regular tax basis of $500 in the stock she receives when she exercises the ISOs, the price she paid to exercise the options. Her AMT basis in the stock is $1000, the price she paid to exercise the options plus the amount of her AMT adjustment.
The difference in basis caused by the ISO adjustment will usually cause an AMT adjustment on the disposition of the stock in the year the stock is sold. The AMT adjustment for the disposition of property is discussed below.
In general, unless a taxpayer elects to use the same method of calculating depreciation for regular tax and AMT on post - 1986 assets, depreciation is calculated differently for regular tax and for AMT on those assets. In most cases, the differences in the depreciation rules for the two systems results in a greater depreciation deduction for a particular asset for regular tax in the earlier years of the asset’s recovery period and a lower deduction for regular tax in the later years. The difference between the aggregate amount of depreciation deductions for regular tax and for AMT is an adjustment that is added back or subtracted in the calculation of AMTI on Form 6251, line 18.
NOTE: See the instructions for Form 6251, under the heading “Post - 1986 Depreciation” for more information on the specific differences in the calculation of regular tax and AMT depreciation.
For a taxpayer that owns an interest in a partnership or shares in an S corporation, the K - 1 the taxpayer receives from the partnership or S corporation frequently includes a passthrough of an AMT depreciation adjustment amount. On a partnership K - 1, the adjustment is reported on line 17 (Code A). On an S corporation K - 1, the adjustment is reported on line 15 (Code A).
Disposition of Property.
The gain or loss recognized on the disposition of property may be different for regular tax and AMT because the property the taxpayer disposes of has a different basis for regular tax and AMT. This can occur for a number of reasons, including differences in depreciation deductions taken under the two systems for the property and in the case of stock received through the exercise of an ISO, the difference in basis caused by the ISO AMT adjustment discussed above. Because basis may be higher or lower for regular tax than it is for AMT, this adjustment may be positive or negative. The taxpayer includes the adjustment in calculating AMTI on Form 6251, line 17.
NOTE: It is important to remember that the $3,000 limitation on the deduction of capital losses that applies to individual taxpayers for regular tax also applies for AMT.
Alternative Tax Net Operating Losses, Amortization Expenses of Pollution Control Facilities, Circulation Costs, Long - Term Contract Expenses, Mining Costs, Research and Experimental Costs.
Except for adjustments passed through from partnerships, LLCs, and S corporations, these are all comparatively rare adjustments for individuals. More detail on these adjustments can be found in the instructions for Form 6251.
NOTE: If you own a sole proprietorship business and report any of these types of expenses on Schedule C, you should generally consult with a qualified tax professional when determining the amount of the AMT adjustment.

Understanding Adjusted Options.
Key Points.
Options may be adjusted if the underlying stock undergoes some type of reorganization.
Read about how to identify adjusted options.
Find out how you might deal with adjusted options.
Understanding how options are adjusted when the underlying stock goes through some type of reorganization has never been easy, and the fact that the rules have changed several times over the years doesn't help.
The last change took place following the OCC's (formerly the Options Clearing Corporation) options symbology conversion in May 2010, yet this topic remains relevant for many options traders.
There are certain characteristics common to all option contracts:
When the underlying company goes through some type of corporate reorganization, any of the last five items can change, resulting in an adjusted option. You have no control over whether these items will change, but an understanding of how and why they change can help you deal with them afterward.
The expiration date is a special case. It usually remains constant, but OCC can accelerate it when the underlying company undergoes a merger and the deliverable (the underlying shares) is converted into a 100% cash deliverable.
The causes for adjustments to options contracts are numerous. Below is a partial list that shows not only what causes the adjustment, but also what type of adjustment may occur. For example, when an ordinary cash dividend is paid, it typically has no effect on the option, whereas stock splits usually do.
Causes of adjusted options.
Ordinary cash dividend 1.
Extraordinary cash dividend 2.
Reverse stock split.
Merger or acquisition.
Stock symbol or.
company name change.
1. Paid on a quarterly or other regular basis, regardless of amount.
2. Not paid on a quarterly or other regular basis.
Source: Schwab Center for Financial Research.
Following the 2010 option symbology conversion, when an option symbol change is required, an adjusted option will typically have the same symbol as the standard option, but a numeric digit (1, 2 etc.) will be added as a suffix to identify it as an adjusted option. The numeric digit doesn't describe the adjustment, it only indicates that some sort of adjustment has occurred.
Identifying adjusted options.
There are several ways to help identify an adjusted option, starting with the way we just mentioned:
1. The underlying symbol within the option symbol is appended with a number (for example, XYZ1 10/20/2012 33.0 C).
2. The expiration header indicates that the options are adjusted.
3. The option seems much too cheap or too expensive.
Here's how an adjusted option may look in StreetSmart Edge® (the factors above are numbered in the screenshots):
Signs of an adjusted option.
Source: StreetSmart Edge®
There's another area within the option chains of StreetSmart Edge that will give you many of the details of how the option is structured after the adjustment. You can locate this screen by highlighting an option in the option chain, and clicking on the arrow at the beginning of the row. Look at the example below to see the contract specifications for XYZ1 October 20th, 2013 33.00 calls.
For this particular option, you can see that the reason it's trading at a price that's quite a bit higher than the standard 33.00 call is because it includes the delivery of 33 shares of ZYX and cash-in-lieu of $10.00 in addition to the 100 shares of XYZ. Looking at the expanded view, you may also find adjusted options where the contract size is greater than 100, options that include two or more different stocks, and options with a multiplier that's something other than 100. As noted above, all of these can occur when options are adjusted.
Contract specifications.
Source: StreetSmart Edge®
Dealing with adjusted options.
Adjusted options rarely represent a good trading opportunity. Always keep in mind the old adage: If it seems too good to be true, it probably is.
Don't panic if you already own an option position that goes through an adjustment—you won’t necessarily lose or gain any value as a result of the adjustment and, if your position is covered, your shares will also have been adjusted so that you remain covered. However, it's generally wise to avoid establishing new positions in options after they're adjusted.
Adjusted options often have the following characteristics:
Time values may be lower. Spreads may be wider. Volumes are usually lower. Open interest is usually lower. Bids may drop below intrinsic value near expiration.
When an option is adjusted (as in the example above) such that the number of shares deliverable (contract size) is something other than 100 shares of stock and/or it includes cash-in-lieu, it's sometimes very difficult to determine how much the option is in the money or out of the money.
Here's a formula for determining this value, which should help you make sense of the quoted option price for our example, XYZ1 10/20/2012 33.00 C:
ITM/OOTM amount = 994.45 ÷ 100.
ITM/OOTM amount = 9.94 (in the money, since the result is positive)
Knowing that this option is 9.94 in the money helps explain why the bid is 7.70 and the asking price is 12.30. This is especially true when you compare it to the standard 33.00 calls, which are out-of-the-money with an asking price of .03 since there are only 3 days until expiration.
Next Steps.
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For the sake of simplicity, the examples in this presentation do not take into consideration commissions and other transaction fees, tax considerations or margin requirements, which are factors that may significantly affect the economic consequences of strategies displayed. Please contact a tax advisor for the tax implications involved in these strategies.
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Schedule M-3 Adjustments: Tax vs. Book Income.
Preparing Schedules M-3 and M-1 to reconcile book to tax income can be an impossible task if the preparer is not aware of the differences between tax and book income. This practical seminar on Schedules M-3 and M-1 adjustments, designed for tax accountants and auditors:
Reviews the deduction relating to US production activities Explores in detail the major tax/book differences reported on Schedules M-3 and M-1 of business tax returns and why such differences exist Shows you how to reconcile book income with taxable income Equips you to correctly prepare corporate and partnership returns Provides the know-how to analyze frequently encountered adjustments.
To provide tax accountants and auditors with a sound knowledge of the differences between tax and book accounting that might be present in any business tax return. Auditors will be able to determine which items are relevant in preparing or reviewing the tax provision for financial purposes.
Different institutional objectives governing financial vs. tax reporting The differing definition of trade or business expenses for financial statement purposes vs. tax purposes Different accounting and tax standards as they relate to:
– Timing and deduction of expenses.
– Timing of inclusion of income.
– Accounting for business acquisitions.
– Capital gains and losses.
– Permissible tax accounting methods.
– Treatment of foreign income Computing Schedule M-3 or M-1 for:
– Partnerships and limited liability companies.

четверг, 28 июня 2018 г.

Options cash flow strategy


Hedging With Options.


2.1 Financial Statements 2.2 Taxes 2.3 Capital Cost Allowance And Depreciation 2.4 Cash Flow And Relationships Between Financial Statement.


4.1 Net Present Value And Internal Rate Of Return 4.2 Capital Investment Decisions 4.3 Project Analysis And Valuation 4.4 Capital Market History 4.5 Return, Risk And The Security Market Line.


You can think of speculation as betting on the movement of a security. The advantage of options is that you aren't limited to making a profit only when the market goes up. Because of the versatility of options, you can also make money when the market goes down or even sideways.


The other function of options is hedging. Think of this as an insurance policy; just as you insure your house or car, options can be used to insure your investments against a downturn. Critics of options say that if you are so unsure of your stock pick that you need a hedge, you shouldn't make the investment. On the other hand, there is no doubt that hedging strategies can be useful, especially for large institutions. Even the individual investor can benefit. Imagine that you wanted to take advantage of technology stocks and their upside, but you also wanted to limit any losses. By using options, you would be able to restrict your downside while enjoying the full upside in a cost-effective way.


The Myth of Monthly Cash Flow.


It's what I call the Myth of Monthly Cash Flow.


Don't get me wrong. I love high yield income.


And one of the reasons I love stock options so much is because there are many different option trading strategies one can employ to generate high yield income. The potential cash return from option trading dwarfs the typical income streams available through more traditional income investments such as bonds and dividend paying stocks.


Option income strategies are not without risk, of course. But, conversely, there's no rule that actually says these trades have to be reckless in order to be lucrative. In fact, just about any option trading strategy that generates a credit can be used to create your own personal cash flow business. And those can be as risky or as conservative as you choose.


As such, the option writer has many choices to consider - covered calls, cash-secured or naked puts, bull put spreads, bear call spreads, and iron condors are all common option trading strategies that can result in great short term cash returns relative to the amount of money placed at risk.


There are numerous online resources that focus on income producing option strategies, some free and some subscription based. Many of these online resources are quite valid and valuable. But in the vast majority of cases, option income strategies are described explicitly as, or touted as great potential candidates for, high yield monthly cash flow vehicles.


So why is that a problem?


If you think about it, isn't it perfectly natural to view covered call writing and various credit spread trading strategies as a means to generate sizable MONTHLY income?


After all, there are two primary factors reinforcing this perspective: every month, a different set of options expire, and, just as importantly, most of our bills and other financial liabilities come due on a monthly basis.


But there's a major problem with the idea of an options based monthly cash flow business.


Only in theory can you consistently produce a steady, predictable stream of income month in and month out. In practice, no market index or individual stock is so predictably well behaved.


If it is, then that index's or stock's implied volatility (and therefore the amount you get when you write its options for income) will be quickly readjusted downward to reflect its newly tamed behavior.


No matter how conservative you are, how lucky you are, how much the odds are in your favor, or which specific income strategy you employ, there's a chance than any credit spread you set up is going to move against you.


To require of yourself or a dynamic stock market returns that are consistent AND high yield AND monthly is unrealistic and serves only to increase the chance that your trades WILL move against you.


Quota Danger.


And why is that?


Quite simply, when you approach option income strategies with a quota mindset, or an inflexible requirement that all your trades need to produce a certain percentage return over the course of the next month's option cycle, the quality of your trades will deteriorate.


When good four week opportunities are unavailable on the Monday morning following the previous option cycle's expiration, you will instead be tempted to chase premium and choose an inferior trade. The required four week return can easily take precedence over the quality of the trade and the likelihood of its success.


There's absolutely nothing wrong with attempting to use options to construct a cash flow operation. It isn't the option cash flow that I object to - it's when you tack on the extra stipulation that the cash flow must occur on a regular, set schedule that you begin to sabotage yourself.


Security vs. Freedom.


High yield returns and consistent monthly cash flow are opposing mindsets with little chance for reconciliation.


Like much of life, it seems, we must choose between security and freedom. The stock market is a mystical creature of the forest that, if approached properly, can lead you to treasure. But it doesn't always take the same path or travel at the same speed. It is not a dumb brute that you can bridle and beat into domestication.


Domestication is the key here. That's the fantasy of the Monthly Cash Flow mindset. But profits in the form of option income can't be domesticated unless you castrate them first.


If you want lucrative returns from your option income strategies you must lose the Monthly Cash Flow mindset. You can't have both high yield cash returns AND the consistency of a regularly scheduled annuity payment. If you want the security of a specific payout on a specific date, you'll have to ratchet back your expectations of how much those payments will be.


Great income returns are very much possible, but successful income traders are flexible and patient. If you want to earn 60% a year in returns, don't attempt to do so by anticipating a 5% realized payout on the third Friday of each month all year long.


In general, the more frequently you need to be paid in life, the poorer you're going to be. This is as much a cause as an effect. The annual income of a day laborer, for example, may be paltry, but the primary cause of his poverty is that his daily pay structure requires and reinforces a short term mindset.


The more of your income you can produce irregularly and covering longer periods of time, the more consistent and healthy your overall returns become.


Moving from a monthly mindset to a quarterly mindset (or even an annual mindset) is as radically beneficial as the day laborer moving from a daily mindset to a monthly mindset.


So when you send your ships to sea, be flexible and patient, and let them return on their schedule, not yours.


Using Diagonal Spreads For Long Term Investing Plus Monthly Cash Flow.


October 10, 2016.


Diagonal spreads are an excellent long-term way to both invest with options and produce some monthly cash flow at the same time. Many traders actually don’t know much about how powerful and flexible these spreads can be for successful trading.


Diagonal option spreads are established by entering both a long and short position in two options of the same type (either two call options or two put options) but with different strike prices and expiration dates.


Take a second to digest that and read it again if you need to. In effect, the strategy is similar to a covered call, except that a long call is substituted for the stock.


Spreading Time And Strikes.


This strategy gets the name “diagonal” because it combines a horizontal spread, which represents differences in expiration dates, with a vertical spread, which represents differences in strike prices. You could even think of it as the offspring of a calendar spread and a vertical spread.


Simply put once again to drive home the point, you buy an option that will not expire for many months and then sell options that will expire in the front month against the current long option. Thus you get exposure both in different contract months and strike prices. In a nutshell, you will be choosing a back-month leg that is different from the front-month leg. Starting to make a little more sense now?


To understand and be able to implement this strategy more successfully, you also need to know the differential time value decay. Worth mentioning here is that any diagonal spread has only two possible strike combination which has to always be the same.


“Love Your Diagonal” – thinkMoney.


Thinkorswim recently just ran an excellent article in their recent quarterly publication thinkMoney that I urge you all to check out if you haven’t already.


AAPL Diagonal Call Spread Example.


Using a current example with AAPL stock, let’s say that you have determined using your awesome technical analysis skills that AAPL will rise gradually for the next four months. You enter a diagonal call spread by buying a NOV 425 call for $300 and at the same time sell an OCT 450 call for $100. The net investment required to put on the spread is a debit of $200.


Just like a vertical spread, you have both limited upside profit potential and limited risk. The ideal situation is for the position would be that AAPL either remains flat and or closes in between the two strike prices (say $435). In this scenario, as soon as the near-month 450 call expires worthless, the options trader can sell another call and repeat the entire process every month until expiration of the longer term call. Now you can see why it's similar to a covered call strategy right?


As you can see, the benefits of diagonal spread can be found in the potential profits that the long back-month option stands to gain. This way, you realize your profits by leveraging time decay of the options involved.


As you possibly know, short term options contracts generally have a faster time decay compared to their long-term counterparts. As such, if you write short term contracts and at the time buy long term contracts of the same underlying instrument, there is a huge possibility that you will make a return from these differing rates of time decay. This is exactly the same concept which is involved when you are dealing with diagonal spreads.


The maximum risk of any diagonal spread is limited to the initial debit it cost you to enter the position. If AAPL all of a sudden starts falling hard, then your losses are capped at $200 and no more.


Start The FREE Course on "Options Expiration” Today: Whether you are a completely new trader or an experienced trader, you'll still need to master the basics. The goal of this section is to help lay the groundwork for your education with some simple, yet important lessons surrounding options. Click here to view all 12 lessons ?


When and How To Close a Diagonal Spread.


One of the primary reasons you may want to close a diagonal spread is if you think you can earn enough premium from the resulting trade. Conversely, you may be prompted to close the trade if the near month options are about to go into-the-money and you want to avoid the potential of getting assigned on the sold options.


Below are a few steps to follow when looking to close a diagonal spread;


Enter a buy-to-close order for the near-expiration contract that you had previously sold.


As a rule of thumb, it is important for you to always close the short side of a diagonal trade first for margin requirement reasons.


Evaluate the profit potential of the long option that’s remaining in the trade.


At this point, what you need to determine is whether the underlying security is likely to move in the right direction. If you have a calls contract, then you will be hoping that it moves up. On the other hand, you will be anticipating that it moves down if you have a puts options.


Enter a sell-to-close order for any remaining options.


Finally, you will need to sell the remaining options contracts at the current option prices. You can complete this process any time before or on the expiration day of that particular options.


Although diagonal spreads is a great strategy to add to your toolbox, it still is possible to lose money with it especially if you are not somewhat correct on the underlying direction of the market. Besides, due to the multiple trades involved, trading diagonal spreads can be an expensive affair since you’re likely to spend more on commissions compared to other less sophisticated trades. Hopefully you didn’t think it was a one-way ticket to riches!


As always, being proactive and using stop losses, risk management, and hedging can significantly increase your odds of success.


A Quick Word On Volatility…


Lots of books and other websites talk about various trading strategies that are designed to benefit from changes in volatility. All of that is good and well. However, sometimes as an investor in options, my interest is in gaining leverage and managing risk on a somewhat directional basis.


There is no arguing that volatility needs to be watched closely, but when the premiums make the diagonal spread unattractive, it’s a good idea to do your homework first before entering a position for the next couple months.


About The Author.


Kirk Du Plessis.


Kirk founded Option Alpha in early 2007 and currently serves as the Head Trader. Formerly an Investment Banker in the Mergers and Acquisitions Group for Deutsche Bank in New York and REIT Analyst for BB&T Capital Markets in Washington D. C., he’s a Full-time Options Trader and Real Estate Investor.


He’s been interviewed on dozens of investing websites/podcasts and he’s been seen in Barron’s Magazine, SmartMoney, and various other financial publications. Kirk currently lives in Pennsylvania (USA) with his beautiful wife and two daughters.


Well done article. Clear and informative.


As long as there is time left until expiration having the options ITM shouldn’t be an issue.


Huge fan of the diagonal bull call… I trade this primarily in my Roth IRA. I trade it fairly conservatively, buying LEAPS and selling weeklies.


This and the short Iron Condor should be in every option traders repertoire.


Maximizing Cash Flow with Options.


800-393-1706.


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STRATEGY #3 — This strategy actually allows you to fully calculate and analyze your potential profit and amount of risk … before you make the trade! If you can set up trades where the odds are stacked in your favor … how many of THOSE would you set up each month?


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Options trading defined


Options Defined.


Options are contracts through which a seller gives a buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specified number of shares at a predetermined price within a set time period.


Options are derivatives, which means their value is derived from the value of an underlying investment. Most frequently the underlying investment on which an option is based is the equity shares in a publicly listed company. Other underlying investments on which options can be based include stock indexes, Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), government securities, foreign currencies or commodities like agricultural or industrial products. Stock options contracts are for 100 shares of the underlying stock - an exception would be when there are adjustments for stock splits or mergers.


Options are traded on securities marketplaces among institutional investors, individual investors, and professional traders and trades can be for one contract or for many. Fractional contracts are not traded.


An option contract is defined by the following elements: type (Put or Call), underlying security, unit of trade (number of shares), strike price and expiration date.


Options Symbology.


All option contracts that are of the same type and style and cover the same underlying security are referred to as a class of options. All options of the same class that also have the same unit of trade at the same strike price and expiration date are referred to as an option series.


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Options Center Home.


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The NASDAQ Options Trading Guide.


Equity options today are hailed as one of the most successful financial products to be introduced in modern times. Options have proven to be superior and prudent investment tools offering you, the investor, flexibility, diversification and control in protecting your portfolio or in generating additional investment income. We hope you'll find this to be a helpful guide for learning how to trade options.


Understanding Options.


Options are financial instruments that can be used effectively under almost every market condition and for almost every investment goal. Among a few of the many ways, options can help you:


Protect your investments against a decline in market prices Increase your income on current or new investments Buy an equity at a lower price Benefit from an equity price’s rise or fall without owning the equity or selling it outright.


Benefits of Trading Options:


Orderly, Efficient and Liquid Markets.


Standardized option contracts allow for orderly, efficient and liquid option markets.


Flexibility.


Options are an extremely versatile investment tool. Because of their unique risk/reward structure, options can be used in many combinations with other option contracts and/or other financial instruments to seek profits or protection.


An equity option allows investors to fix the price for a specific period of time at which an investor can purchase or sell 100 shares of an equity for a premium (price), which is only a percentage of what one would pay to own the equity outright. This allows option investors to leverage their investment power while increasing their potential reward from an equity’s price movements.


Limited Risk for Buyer.


Unlike other investments where the risks may have no boundaries, options trading offers a defined risk to buyers. An option buyer absolutely cannot lose more than the price of the option, the premium. Because the right to buy or sell the underlying security at a specific price expires on a given date, the option will expire worthless if the conditions for profitable exercise or sale of the option contract are not met by the expiration date. An uncovered option seller (sometimes referred to as the uncovered writer of an option), on the other hand, may face unlimited risk.


This options trading guide provides an overview of characteristics of equity options and how these investments work in the following segments:


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Option.


What is an 'Option'


An option is a financial derivative that represents a contract sold by one party (the option writer) to another party (the option holder). The contract offers the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call) or sell (put) a security or other financial asset at an agreed-upon price (the strike price) during a certain period of time or on a specific date (exercise date).


BREAKING DOWN 'Option'


Call Option.


Call options give the option to buy at certain price, so the buyer would want the stock to go up. Conversely, the option writer needs to provide the underlying shares in the event that the stock's market price exceeds the strike due to the contractual obligation. An option writer who sells a call option believes that the underlying stock's price will drop relative to the option's strike price during the life of the option, as that is how he will reap maximum profit.


This is exactly the opposite outlook of the option buyer. The buyer believes that the underlying stock will rise; if this happens, the buyer will be able to acquire the stock for a lower price and then sell it for a profit. However, if the underlying stock does not close above the strike price on the expiration date, the option buyer would lose the premium paid for the call option.


Put Option.


Put options give the option to sell at a certain price, so the buyer would want the stock to go down. The opposite is true for put option writers. For example, a put option buyer is bearish on the underlying stock and believes its market price will fall below the specified strike price on or before a specified date. On the other hand, an option writer who shorts a put option believes the underlying stock's price will increase about a specified price on or before the expiration date.


If the underlying stock's price closes above the specified strike price on the expiration date, the put option writer's maximum profit is achieved. Conversely, a put option holder would only benefit from a fall in the underlying stock's price below the strike price. If the underlying stock's price falls below the strike price, the put option writer is obligated to purchase shares of the underlying stock at the strike price.


Options Basics: What Are Options?


Options are a type of derivative security. They are a derivative because the price of an option is intrinsically linked to the price of something else. Specifically, options are contracts that grant the right, but not the obligation to buy or sell an underlying asset at a set price on or before a certain date. The right to buy is called a call option and the right to sell is a put option. People somewhat familiar with derivatives may not see an obvious difference between this definition and what a future or forward contract does. The answer is that futures or forwards confer both the right and obligation to buy or sell at some point in the future. For example, somebody short a futures contract for cattle is obliged to deliver physical cows to a buyer unless they close out their positions before expiration. An options contract does not carry the same obligation, which is precisely why it is called an “option.”


Call and Put Options.


A call option might be thought of as a deposit for a future purpose. For example, a land developer may want the right to purchase a vacant lot in the future, but will only want to exercise that right if certain zoning laws are put into place. The developer can buy a call option from the landowner to buy the lot at say $250,000 at any point in the next 3 years. Of course, the landowner will not grant such an option for free, the developer needs to contribute a down payment to lock in that right. With respect to options, this cost is known as the premium, and is the price of the options contract. In this example, the premium might be $6,000 that the developer pays the landowner. Two years have passed, and now the zoning has been approved; the developer exercises his option and buys the land for $250,000 – even though the market value of that plot has doubled. In an alternative scenario, the zoning approval doesn’t come through until year 4, one year past the expiration of this option. Now the developer must pay market price. In either case, the landowner keeps the $6,000.


A put option, on the other hand, might be thought of as an insurance policy. Our land developer owns a large portfolio of blue chip stocks and is worried that there might be a recession within the next two years. He wants to be sure that if a bear market hits, his portfolio won’t lose more than 10% of its value. If the S&P 500 is currently trading at 2500, he can purchase a put option giving him the right to sell the index at 2250 at any point in the next two years. If in six months time the market crashes by 20%, 500 points in his portfolio, he has made 250 points by being able to sell the index at 2250 when it is trading at 2000 – a combined loss of just 10%. In fact, even if the market drops to zero, he will still only lose 10% given his put option. Again, purchasing the option will carry a cost (its premium) and if the market doesn’t drop during that period the premium is lost.


These examples demonstrate a couple of very important points. First, when you buy an option, you have a right but not an obligation to do something with it. You can always let the expiration date go by, at which point the option becomes worthless. If this happens, however, you lose 100% of your investment, which is the money you used to pay for the option premium. Second, an option is merely a contract that deals with an underlying asset. For this reason, options are derivatives. In this tutorial, the underlying asset will typically be a stock or stock index, but options are actively traded on all sorts of financial securities such as bonds, foreign currencies, commodities, and even other derivatives.


Buying and Selling Calls and Puts: Four Cardinal Coordinates.


Owning a call option gives you a long position in the market, and therefore the seller of a call option is a short position. Owning a put option gives you a short position in the market, and selling a put is a long position. Keeping these four straight is crucial as they relate to the four things you can do with options: buy calls; sell calls; buy puts; and sell puts.


People who buy options are called holders and those who sell options are called writers of options. Here is the important distinction between buyers and sellers:


Call holders and put holders (buyers) are not obligated to buy or sell. They have the choice to exercise their rights if they choose. This limits the risk of buyers of options, so that the most they can ever lose is the premium of their options. Call writers and put writers (sellers), however, are obligated to buy or sell. This means that a seller may be required to make good on a promise to buy or sell. It also implies that option sellers have unlimited risk , meaning that they can lose much more than the price of the options premium.


Don't worry if this seems confusing – it is. For this reason we are going to look at options primarily from the point of view of the buyer. At this point, it is sufficient to understand that there are two sides of an options contract.


Options Terminology.


To understand options, you'll also have to first know the terminology associated with the options market.


The price at which an underlying stock can be purchased or sold is called the strike price. This is the price a stock price must go above (for calls) or go below (for puts) before a position can be exercised for a profit. All of this must occur before the expiration date. In our example above, the strike price for the S&P 500 put option was 2250.


The expiration date, or expiry of an option is the exact date that the contract terminates.


An option that is traded on a national options exchange such as the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) is known as a listed option. These have fixed strike prices and expiration dates. Each listed option represents 100 shares of company stock (known as a contract).


For call options, the option is said to be in-the-money if the share price is above the strike price. A put option is in-the-money when the share price is below the strike price. The amount by which an option is in-the-money is referred to as intrinsic value. An option is out-of-the-money if the price of the underlying remains below the strike price (for a call), or above the strike price (for a put). An option is at-the-money when the price of the underlying is on or very close to the strike price.


As mentioned above, the total cost (the price) of an option is called the premium. This price is determined by factors including the stock price, strike price, time remaining until expiration (time value) and volatility. Because of all these factors, determining the premium of an option is complicated and largely beyond the scope of this tutorial, although we will discuss it briefly.


Although employee stock options aren't available for just anyone to trade, this type of option could, in a way, be classified as a type of call option. Many companies use stock options as a way to attract and to keep talented employees, especially management. They are similar to regular stock options in that the holder has the right but not the obligation to purchase company stock. The contract, however, exists only between the holder and the company and cannot typically be exchanged with anybody else, whereas a normal option is a contract between two parties that are completely unrelated to the company and can be traded freely.

среда, 27 июня 2018 г.

Print pe forex bucuresti


Print pe forex bucuresti


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Pyramiding trading strategy


Pyramiding.


DEFINITION of 'Pyramiding'


A method of increasing a position size by using unrealized profits from successful trades to increase margin. Pyramiding involves the use of leverage to increase one's holdings by making use of an increased unrealized value of current holdings. Since the use of leverage is involved, this is a riskier strategy than one which only makes use of cash to purchase securities.


BREAKING DOWN 'Pyramiding'


An investor who is pyramiding uses excess margin from the increasing price of a security in his or her portfolio to purchase more of the same security. This is generally a slow method of increasing one's position size, as the margin increases will permit successively smaller purchases. Additionally, whether the pyramiding involves only a single security or a few securities, the risk of a portfolio concentration increases with each level of the pyramid.


Pyramid Your Way To Profits.


Pyramiding involves adding to profitable positions to take advantage of an instrument that is performing well. It allows for large profits to be made as the position grows. Best of all, it does not have to increase risk if performed properly. In this article, we will look at pyramiding trades in long positions, but the same concepts can be applied to short selling as well.


Misconceptions About Pyramiding.


Pyramiding is also not that risky - at least not if executed properly. While higher prices will be paid (in the case of a long position) when an asset is showing strength, which will erode profits on original positions if the asset reverses, the amount of profit will be larger relative to only taking one position.


Pyramiding is also beneficial in that risk (in terms of maximum loss) does not have to increase by adding to a profitable existing position. Original and previous additions will all show profit before a new addition is made, which means that any potential losses on newer positions are offset by earlier entries.


Also, when a trader starts to implement pyramiding, the issue of taking profits too soon is greatly diminished. Instead of exiting on every sign of a potential reversal, the trader is forced to be more analytical and watch to see whether the reversal is just a pause in momentum or an actual shift in trend. This also gives the trader the foreknowledge that he or she does not have to make only one trade on a given opportunity, but can actually make several trades on a move.


For example, instead of making one trade for a 1,000 shares at one entry, a trader can "feel out the market" by making a first trade of 500 shares and then more trades after as it shows a profit. By pyramiding, the trader may actually end up with a larger position than the 1,000 shares he or she might have traded in one shot, as three or four entries could result in a position of 1,500 shares or more. This is done without increasing the original risk because the first position is smaller and additions are only made if each previous addition is showing a profit. Let us look at an example of how this works, and why it works better than just taking one position and riding it out.


We could buy our 500 stocks and hang on to them, selling them whenever we see fit, or we could buy a smaller position, perhaps 300 shares, and add to it as it shows a profit. If the stock continues to trend, we will end up with a larger position (and thus more profit) than 500 shares, and if the stock falls we only lose money on 300 shares - a loss of only $165 ($0.55*300) as opposed to $275 ($0.55*500) if we only took a static 500 share position.


Now, let's take a look at an example using a 15-minute chart of the Great Britain pound against the Japanese yen (GBP/JPY). The circles are entries and the lines are the prices our stop levels move to after each successive wave higher.


In this case, we will use a simple strategy of entering on new highs. Our stops will move up to the last swing low after a new entry. If a stop price is hit, all positions are exited. Our entries are 155.50, 156.90, 158.10 and 159.20 as we add to our position with each successive move to new highs after a reversal. The latest reversal low gives us an original stop of 154.15 and then progressively 155.50, 157.00, 157.50. Finally, we have a reversal and the market fails to reach its old highs. As this low gives way to a lower price, we execute our stop at order at 160.20, exiting our entire position at that price. (For more, see Is Pressing The Trade, Just Pressing Your Luck? )


Problems With Pyramiding.


Another issue is if there are very large price movements between the entries; this can cause the position to become "top heavy," meaning that potential losses on the newest additions could erase all profits (and potentially more) than the preceding entries have made.


Pyramid Trading Strategy (Double Your Profit Potential)


The Forex pyramid trading strategy you’re about to learn will greatly increase your chances of making consistent returns as a Forex trader. It can literally double or even triple your profits on a single trade.


But as profitable as pyramid trading can be, it can be just as damaging if used improperly. Which is why I wanted to take some time today to walk you through exactly how I use this strategy to double my profit potential.


By the end of this lesson, you will understand the pyramid strategy inside and out. You will be familiar with the dynamics behind the strategy as well as the mechanics that make it so profitable. But most importantly, you will know how to double or even triple your profits on a single trade .


Before we get into the technical side of things, it’s important to first understand the basics of pyramiding.


What is Pyramid Trading?


Pyramid trading is a strategy that involves scaling into a winning position. In other words, strategically buying or selling in order to add to an existing position after the market makes an extended move in the intended direction .


When you’re right – you need to be really right, and when you’re wrong – you need to be a little wrong. This has to be your mentality if you ever wish to become a consistently profitable Forex trader.


Pyramid trading fits perfectly into this mentality because it compounds your winning trades into two or three times the initial profit potential while reducing your overall exposure.


Therein lies the best part about pyramid trading – if done properly, you aren’t exposing yourself to any additional risk. In fact, you are actually mitigating your risk as the trade moves in your direction.


The illustration below shows the basic idea behind pyramiding.


The illustration above shows a market that’s in a clear uptrend, making higher highs and higher lows. This is a nice “stair step” pattern where the market is continually breaking resistance and then retesting that resistance as new support. Market conditions such as this are ideal for scaling into a winning trade.


The initial buy order in the illustration above is triggered when the market retests former resistance as new support. The second and third buy orders are similar to the first, which are both triggered when the market retests a former resistance level as new support.


Keep in mind that the market has to break through each level and then show signs of holding in order to justify adding to the original position. This is why having a strong trend in place is a requirement for effective pyramiding.


Now that you understand the basics of pyramiding, let’s get into the mechanics behind pyramid trading as a strategy.


Forex Pyramid Strategy: How to Double or Even Triple Your Trading Profits.


The key to successful pyramiding is to always maintain a proper risk to reward ratio, which says that your risk can never be greater than half the potential reward. So if your profit target is 200 pips, your stop loss must be no greater than 100 pips. This achieves a 1:2 risk to reward ratio, also known as “2R”.


Let’s take a look at another illustration, only this time we’re going to apply position sizing and a proper stop loss strategy.


Using a hypothetical $20,000 account, we would buy 40,000 units (4 mini lots) on a retest of each key level. The profit target for each position is varied, while the stop loss for each new position is 100 pips.


Let’s run through this example starting with the initial buy of 40,000 units. For example purposes, we’re going to assume that the market represented above is in a strong uptrend, so momentum is on our side.


The market breaks through a level of resistance, and upon retesting the level as new support you notice a bullish pin bar, so you buy 40,000 units (2% risk) You decide you’re going to let this trade run because again, you’re trading a market that’s in a strong uptrend The market breaks through the second resistance level and again retests it as new support You notice the market holding above the new support level so you decide to buy 40,000 additional units and trail your stop loss behind the second position Once more, the market breaks through a key level and retests it as new support Seeing the continued strength, you decide to buy another 40,000 units and trail your stop once more behind the third position.


That’s a lot of buying! At this point you have built up a fairly large position size of 120,000 units at risk. Or is it? The total position size is in fact 120,000 units, but how much of that is actually at risk ?


Nothing! In fact by the time you add the third position of 40,000, the worst case scenario is that you make a 6% profit .


What’s the profit potential if the market travels another 200 pips after buying the third block of 40,000 units?


How’s that possible, you ask?


Let’s crunch some numbers to find out.


The Mechanics Behind Pyramid Trading.


Now that you have a good understanding of the dynamics behind pyramiding, let’s dig a little deeper and find out why it’s such a profitable strategy.


The illustration below shows the previous example, only this time we’re including the profit potential along with the risk profile of each entry.


This is where the real magic happens. Notice how the profit potential for each additional position is compounded throughout the trade, while the risk is continually mitigated.


The initial entry would have resulted in a 12% profit, which is considerable on its own. However, by pyramiding, we were able to double the profit on the same trade while reducing our overall exposure.


Let’s take a look at the best and worst-case scenarios for each step of this trade.


First block of 40,000 units.


Worst case: 2% loss.


Best case: 12% profit.


Second block of 40,000 units.


Worst case scenario: Break-even (+2% from the first block and -2% from the second)


Best case scenario: 20% profit (+12% from the first block and +8% from the second)


Third and final block of 40,000 units.


Worst case scenario: 6% profit (+6% from the first block, +2% from the second and -2% from the third)


Best case scenario: 24% profit (+12% from the first block, +8% from the second and +4% from the third)


As you can see from the figures above, the worst case scenario at any point in the trade is a 2% loss, while the best case scenario is a 24% profit . This makes pyramid trading not only extremely profitable but vastly more favorable compared to most other trading strategies out there.


Conclusion.


Pyramid trading can be an extremely advantageous way to compound your profits on a winning trade. However, it isn’t without caveats and it shouldn’t be used excessively. If you find yourself trying to scale into more than one trade per month, there’s a good chance that you aren’t being selective enough about which trades to scale into.


Knowing when to use pyramiding takes a great deal of practice, just as the proper execution takes no small amount of planning. But the potential profit is well worth the time and effort.


Last but not least, don’t get greedy . It’s far too easy to fall into the trap of thinking that the market isn’t going to reverse on you. Remember, markets ebb and flow. Even the strongest trends experience pullbacks to the mean.


Have an exit plan outlined before entering the first trade in a series.


This allows you to define your plan while in a neutral state of mind. If you wait until you’re in a trade before defining an exit plan, there’s a good chance your emotions will get the best of you.


Here are a few things to keep in mind when using the pyramid trading strategy.


Only use the pyramid strategy in a strong, trending market Always define your support and resistance levels before entering the trade (plan your trade and trade your plan) Know your exit plan of where you want to book profits before entering the first trade Maintain a proper risk to reward ratio at all times Trail your stop loss behind each new position in order to mitigate your exposure Keep things simple by using the same position size for each block of buying or selling Don’t get greedy – stick to your plan no matter what.


Above all else, just remember to use pyramiding sparingly. This isn’t a technique you want to use on every trade or even every other trade.


But if you can catch just three or four pyramided trades per year, you’re looking at a profit potential of 60% to 80% from a mere handful of trades. Combine that with the fact that you’re only risking 2% each time, and you have a strategy that is as favorable as it is profitable.


Do you currently scale into winning trades using something similar to the pyramid strategy covered in this lesson? If not, do you think pyramiding is something you will use for future trades?


Leave your answer in the comments section below.


Since you’ve closed the comments to your risk/reward article, I’ll comment here since you linked to it. I’d like to see you revisit that article after doing some Monte-carlo simulations which will show that trader B with a 1:1 risk reward is actually the far more favorable option, will likely win much more, and have far better draw down characteristics. The scenarios you ran through are unrealistic and the math is incorrect, or I should say overly simplistic to the point of being misleading, because it doesn’t account for randomness when position sizing is a percentage of the account rather than a fixed $100 bet.


As you increase R:R, you win rate decreases and your loss rate increases and your possible outcomes, when randomness are factored in, get terrible. At the very least, one must consider the best and worse case scenarios to get an idea of the range or possible equity curves. Say you win 50 out of 100 trades. Figure out the equity curve of the best case, all the wins first then all the losses in that order, and the worst case, all the losses first and then all the wins. Both scenarios betting 2% of the account with a 1:2 risk reward; this should make clear that the order of wins and losses which is completely random matters a great deal with any R:R over 1:1 which in the end makes your result subject to massive luck. Do the same with 1:1 and you’ll see it’s the better approach.


Wow, did you really just delete my comment about risk reward? I’ve always found you very reasonable and love your articles, can’t believe you’d just do that.


It was removed for being off topic. If you have questions about a lesson or article where the comments section is closed, feel free to contact me via the “contact” page.


OK, that’s a valid reason, however, would you mind addressing the comment or re-opening the comments on the risk reward article; I find it an interesting place where retail traders follow myths instead of math. Math says 1:1 is better than 1:2.


Nice post, thank you for share.


You’re welcome. Glad you enjoyed it.


Glad to hear it is working out for you. Thanks for sharing.


Not yet. But I will after reading this most useful explanation.


Great advice Justin.


I get it, it must be used regarding the big picture. Like a Head and Shoulders pattern appears on a high TF like weekly or daily and the TP Target is far enough to add positions in between..


Olivier, absolutely! It’s all about maximizing gains and minimizing risk.


Well written Justin, but I have only one issue with this which is the first position’s profit is not protected. I’ll explain how I pyramid my trade.


I initially define my risk say $100 for example. I divide it into 2 trades which is $50 risk per trade. I take the 2 trades at the same price as my first trade and let one of them run to 3x my risk which gives me $150 and leave the other open to catch larger move. After this, I wait to see if there’s going to be any chance to take the 2nd trade for me to now pyramid, risking from the market’s money ($150 already keyed in). On the second trade, I risk $100 out of the $150 initially gained and move my SL to the new higher low if i’m buying or Lower high if otherwise. By so doing, I pyramid by using the market’s money. Pls pardon my English. Good to know you website. Thanks.


Lakeside, thanks for sharing. However, the initial position is in fact protected as I always trail my stop loss.


Thanks Justin. Keep up the good job!


Thank you for another great article. I had a question to run by you regarding pyramiding with EMA’s. I’ve become very interested in scaling back the number of trades I make a month and trying to catch a handful of really good winners, thus the idea of pyramiding a position really intrigues me. On that same note, I have noticed that in addition to Support and Resistance levels (like you) I am a big believer in the 10/20 EMA levels for strongly trending pairs. I was curious if you have ever experimented in pyramiding a trade according to pullbacks to the 10/20 EMA rather than key S/R levels and what your over all thoughts are on a strategy like this?


Thanks again and have a great weekend!


Sal, I don’t typically use the 10 and 20 EMAs in this manner. I’d say 90% of the time I only use them to gauge the location of the mean.


i have tried scaling into trades lately. Its yet another strategy I am working on.


Hi Stephen, if done correctly, pyramiding is an excellent way to increase trading profits without increasing your risk.


Pyramid is so useful and profitable strategy. I must use this.


Tauqeer, pyramiding has worked out extremely well for me over the years. Let me know if you have any questions.


Hi Justin, thanks for the tip! I was wondering, how did you calculate 2% for the risk? I understand the “R”s part from your risk/reward ratio article but I’m not sure about the 2% part. I initially thought it would be 1% instead because of a 1:2 ratio? Would you be able to clarify?


Hi how are you today.


I would love to know ur strategies please thank you.


Great, but how can we compare with the sentiments in the news,. As a beginner am having problem of locating, y take profit, stop loss etc.


That’s an entirely different topic. Feel free to browse the website. I’ve written about all of those previously.


Disclaimer: Any Advice or information on this website is General Advice Only - It does not take into account your personal circumstances, please do not trade or invest based solely on this information. By Viewing any material or using the information within this site you agree that this is general education material and you will not hold any person or entity responsible for loss or damages resulting from the content or general advice provided here by Daily Price Action, its employees, directors or fellow members. Futures, options, and spot currency trading have large potential rewards, but also large potential risk. You must be aware of the risks and be willing to accept them in order to invest in the futures and options markets. Don't trade with money you can't afford to lose. This website is neither a solicitation nor an offer to Buy/Sell futures, spot forex, cfd's, options or other financial products. No representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to those discussed in any material on this website. The past performance of any trading system or methodology is not necessarily indicative of future results.


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Pyramiding – A Money Management Strategy To Increase Profits.


In today’s lesson I am going to teach you guys how to “trade with the market’s money”. That’s right, I am going to show you how to scale in or “pyramid” into a winning trade, without taking on more risk . This essentially means you will add to an open winning position without taking on more risk and possibly even creating a risk-free trade, all while dramatically increasing your potential profit. It’s not too good to be true, but there are certain times when scaling into a trade works better than others, which we will discuss in today’s lesson. ( Note: scaling in is the same thing as adding to a position or pyramiding in)


You’ve probably heard the saying “Cut your losers short and let your winners run”, but how do you actually do that ? Today’s Forex trading training lesson is going to teach you how to properly scale into an open trade that’s in profit, so that you get the most out of your winning trades. You probably know that many of the major Forex pairs have been trending quite nicely recently, if not, then check out my recent Forex market update to learn more. With all these strong trends that are taking place recently, I thought it would be good a idea to chuck out an article to you guys about how best to maximize your winning trades. So, let’s get started….


Note: When you finish reading today’s lesson, please leave me a comment and let me know if you found this information helpful!


How to safely scale in or “pyramid” into a winning trade.


Note that I have “safely” in italics above, that’s because there are basically two ways that you can add to a winning open position:


1) The stupid way – Scaling into your position but not trailing your stop up or down to reduce risk on the previous position(s), thereby voluntarily taking on more risk (something you should NEVER do).


2) The smart way – Scaling into your position at predetermined levels and trailing your stop up or down each time you add a new position so that you never risk more than you are comfortable with losing, or more than what you have predetermined is a good 1R value for you (1R = the amount you risk per trade).


I am going to teach you guys how to safely pyramid into your trades today, but before we get started I need to stress one thing:


WARNING: Just because you can scale into an open position that is in profit doesn’t mean you SHOULD. There are certain times when the strategies you are about to learn will work well and certain times when they won’t. In general, you can try to scale into a winning position when a market is in a strong trend or during strong intra-day moves. You should not try scaling in when the market is range-bound or trending in a choppy manner with a lot of back and filling.


Now, because you are adding a new position each time your current trade moves a certain distance in your favor, your breakeven point on the whole position moves closer to the market price. This means the market doesn’t have to move as far to put you into negative territory. Now, this won’t be a problem if you have trailed your stop loss on the previous position(s) so that you maintain your overall 1R risk, but where traders get into trouble is scaling into positions and not moving their stop losses to reduce risk. If this all seems a little confusing right now I promise the diagrams below will clarify…


Let’s say the EURUSD is trending lower like it has been recently. You see a solid pin bar entry strategy that formed showing rejection of the 1.2625 resistance level. You decide that since price has respected this level and it’s obviously a “key” level, it’s a good place to set your stop loss just above. So you decide to put your stop loss for the trade at 1.2650….we ALWAYS set our stop loss BEFORE deciding on a potential profit target. This is because risk management in Forex trading is the most important aspect of the whole thing…if you don’t properly manage your risk on EVERY trade you WILL NOT make money.


Next, there is no obvious / significant support that you can see until about 1.1900, so you decide to aim for a larger profit on this trade and see if the trend won’t run in your favor a bit. Your pre-defined risk on the trade is going to be $200, to keep the math simple let’s say you sold at 2 mini-lots at 1.2550; 100 pip stop loss x 2 mini-lots (1 mini-lot = $1 per pip) = $200 risk.


You decide to aim for a risk reward of 1:3 on this trade, so you set your initial target at 1.2250 and you plan on adding two positions to this trade, 1 when you are up 100 pips and another when you’re up 200 pips. You plan on doing this because the market is trending strongly and you have decided based on your discretionary price action trading skills that there’s a good chance the trend will continue.


Here is a diagram of what your trade looks like at the beginning:


The trade pushes on in your favor and you decide to scale in with another 20k units at 1.2450. Your overall position size is now 40k or $4 per pip on the EURUSD, this increases your potential reward to $1,000 if price hits your target at 1.2250. Since you trailed down the stop on your initial position to 1.2550, that position is now at breakeven, the stop on your new position is also at 1.2550, meaning your overall risk on the trade stays the same at $200.


Next, the trade continues on in your favor and you decide to pyramid in with another 20k units at 1.2350. This means your overall position is at 60k or $6 per pip on the EURUSD. Your overall reward potential is now $1,200 if your target of 1.2250 gets hit; note that your reward is now double what it was when you started whilst your overall risk is now at $0 as you’ll see now…


You trail down the stops on both previous positions to 1.2450 thereby locking in a profit of $200 on the first position, reducing the second position to breakeven and offsetting the $200 risk on your new position to $0…you now have a breakeven trade. The catch here is that the market is only 100 pips from your breakeven point on the whole trade, so there’s a bigger potential of the whole position getting stopped at breakeven…the good part is you have increased your potential for profit without taking on any more risk.


The trade continues on in your favor and hits your target at 1.2250, all three positions are now closed and you’ve netted a 1:6 risk : reward. You never risked more than $200, which was your predefined 1R risk amount, and you gained $1,200. This is an example of how to take advantage of a strong trending market like we have seen recently in the EURUSD and other markets.


I am sure that some of you are probably wondering about scaling out. I am not going to get into it too deep in today’s lesson, but if you want to read a previous lesson I wrote that discusses scaling out, check out my article on forex trade management.


I will say this: I don’t scale out, and I don’t recommend you do either. But, obviously what you do in the markets is up to you, however, I will briefly explain to you why I personally believe scaling out makes no sense. When you scale out of a trade you take partial profits on your full position as the market moves in your favor. Sounds good on the surface right? Well, the problem with it is that you are limiting your gains on a winning trade. We want to maximize winning trades, not minimize them. What I am saying is that by scaling out you are purposely limiting a winning trade.


You see, when you scale out of a trade you are cutting down your position size as the trade becomes more profitable by moving further in your favor. What this means is that as the trade moves in your favor you’re going to be holding the smallest portion of your position at the MOST profitable part of the trade…doesn’t seem like the best way to let your winners run does it? Remember…trading is about maximizing your winning trades and limiting your losers…I only see scaling out as minimizing a winner, and THAT is why I don’t scale out.


I prefer to either take a predetermined 1:2 or 1:3 profit on a full position or IF the market is trending strongly like I discussed above in the diagrams, I will try to scale in. Either way I am not minimizing my winning trade like I would be if I were to scale out. So, to be clear, I either take profit on my full position at my predetermine target level, or I scale into a trade that’s in the context of a strong market trend….what I don’t ever voluntarily do is minimize a winner by scaling out!


Final word on adding to winners…


Finally, I just want to stress again that you should not try to scale into EVERY trade that goes into profit. You need to decide BEFORE you enter a trade if you think it has the potential to run in your favor; you need to decide before you enter if you are going to add positions to a trade by scaling in. You don’t want to leave anything to chance, and you want to make as many decisions as possible before you enter the market, since that’s when you’ll be the most objective and logical.


Take note of the EURUSD and some of the other major Fx pairs over the last 3 to 4 weeks (as of May 31st 2012)…these are the types of market conditions that give us good potential to try and add to a winning trade. Note that these market conditions don’t happen extremely often, but I wanted to teach you guys that you can add to a trade without taking on any more risk…and that was the point of today’s lesson. If you want to learn more about how I trade with simple price action strategies and my overall trading theory, check out my Forex trading course and members’ community.


Good trading, Nial Fuller.


I WOULD LOVE TO HEAR YOUR THOUGHTS, PLEASE LEAVE A COMMENT BELOW :)


About Nial Fuller.


How To Trade Key Chart Levels in Forex.


How To Increase The Winning Probability Of Your Forex Trades.


Know When to Hold ’em – Know When to Fold ’em.


How To Start Profiting With Price Action Trading Strategies.


Why The Best Trading Plan Is Built Around Anticipation.


6 Tips On How To Identify The Trend On Charts.


120 Comments Leave a Comment.


Hi Nial. Thank you for the very informative article. Do you stay on the daily chart when watching for retracements to scale in on your position/s or do you move to the 4Hour chart (move between the daily and the 4Hour chart)?


Congratulations on the competition. all your explanations are always on point and simple and easy to understand. im glad i subscribed to your newsletter ive grown so much as a trader from the day i started reading your trading course and newsletter.


Great Info Nial, thank you for sharing. Wish you more success!


Thanks Nial. A great article on something I struggle to get right.


Congrats Nial on your awesome 369 % performance in the 3 month competition. Showed me how much I have yet to learn. I will keep trying though and today´s article is a road arrow in that direction.


Your name Nial(in Icelandic: Njall) is also the same name that the leading figure in the most celebrated story in the Icelandic saga´s, the “Niala”(Njala), carried. This person was known for his intellect and gift of foresight and all his friends sought his advice on major matters. Even that was not enough since his enemies burned his house to the ground with him and all his family inside. Maybe you should read it. one day, even if it tells of distant events that happened over a thousand years ago. The author is not known but he could not have written this saga had he not had first hand knowledge of these events that took place in the tenth century in Iceland around the advent of Christianity and Leif´s Ericsson´s discovery of America in the year 1000 A. D.. I could try to get you an English version of this if it is not in your book store.


Life in those days was not unlike trading. He who was better at risk management might survive when others might loose. You do carry the name Nial with full honours. I have enjoyed your lessons and I am always picking up bits and pieces in the articles. One day I hope I will become a better trader and then the lesson today will contribute to that.


Humbled by the comments Halldor, thank you.


This was really cool Nail. Before My understanding was to take more trades to earn more. How can I earn more by taking less trades?


thank you, your explanation and diagrams are very clear.


Great article as always.


Thanks Nial. You have a way of putting complex concept into bite sizes for people to understand. I am a recent member and really love your articles and your training video. Thanks!


Great lesson and has helped me see the overall “Edge” of scaling in when a Trending market/trade is identified.


Thank you again.


Good lesson. Helpful to new trader like me. Thanks.


thank you sir you are a good forex teacher i liked all your articals so thank you for your effort s & take care.


Thanks Nial. Wonderful artical.


thank you nial for a great lesson.


Nial, this is a trading lesson that holds everything together. Thanks.


Dear Nail, Thanks for the very objective lesson.


Actually the more I read and dip down into your trading lessons , the more I realize how it is important to back up your self with such useful, great and highly skilled educational materials.


Happy new year to you and to all our member community and hopefully 2014 will be great for all of us.


This article is very helpful. It gave me a clear understanding on how to scale in positions without increasing your risk.


Great topic for a video (hint, hint). And the last step for me to master. Thanks Nial.


Like it so much.


Loved that lesson really help full to reduce exposure and increase gain.


Thanks Nial for teaching such a good technique……i am newbie trader and love to learn…….Thanks.


Thank you so much coach. That is new skill which i would training hard. :)


Very interesting! Never really thought about scaling out in this way… Always thought it was a way to “lock in profits”, but I can see the benefit of NOT doing it. Thanks for that!


This article was extremely helpful. I have heard of scaling in and out a number of occasions but didn’t know how nor did I have enough experience to try it. Now, with your easy to follow Pyramiding article, I can say that I understand the environment on which to scale in a position and no real reason to ever scale out of a position. Excellent…Many Thanks to you Nial.


This is a very helpful article to me as I only scale in when a trade goes against me, but this Pyramiding article opens my eyes on how to properly adding position WITH the TREND not AGAINST the Trend. Thanks Nial.


Hi Nial, Your information always very helpful, sincerely, thanks for that!


I can’t tell you just how grateful I am that I came across your website. I am currently “pyramiding” a long term long position on the usd/jpy since the 80.00 level, then did another level at the 84.00 and just did a third “step” at 87.50… amazing!! I plan to do a fourth when i get a daily pinbar break above the 90.00!!


This is the first article I find on the matter which makes crystal clear explanation. Bravo, Nial!


the final jigsaw just fell into place. thanks nial, all the trading pieces are now complete. bravo! master.


Pyramiding is about re-investing existing paper profits as you ride your winning trade.


Each time you should reinvest less because leverage increases, so 75% should be a good number to aim for.


Also use a trailing stop which is a no-brainer.


Pyramiding = key to ammasing forex wealth.


A 21k trade could easily end up being 120k profit just by reinvesting your profits and adding positions every X pips. (determined by your trade and entry lots)


This is very helpful. easy to follow and understand. thanks for sharing this lesson.


Great article. Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us.


That’s great tutorial. I’m very new to trading and i would hope to learn more from you.


very good information.


I like it very much.


Great lesson and easy to follow too, thanks.


there is yet to be an incisive piece. nail, you did it again. thanks.


Great lesson indeed. But as I have been wounded several times in Fx market, I don’t think that I can scale now. I prefer take the smallest profit and get out of the trade.


Really love this article, easy to understand and you always seem to emphasise the common sense approach. Love it! K.


thanks, will make more now than scaling out.


good one, Nial. i’ve yet to come across an article from you that was’nt great. you’ve helped me become a better trader.


Nice Nial, but I will live this to the pros and continue keeping it simple as one of your article says.


Good article and very clear, thanks Nial!


I think I will practice this technique on demo a few times first though.


Great article as usual. Thanks.


Wise words Nial! Thanks for all your tips!


Really helpful, Nial. Many thanks.


Execllent Lesson Nial. Will take some time to master this.


Great free info – will check this out real time.


Nice one thanks Nial.


Great strategy! It would be very useful for the beginners!


Another fine article. The explanation is simple to follow and understand. I will practice scaling in and let you know how I progress.


thanks for this educative article. Regards Jaroslav.


Hi Niel, thanks for this article. i have been breaking my head over adding on to winning trades since ages. I had success with this approach a couple of weeks back, but last week i made a loss with it. Now i realise its because i didnt maintain well thought out and proper stops. Your guidelines are a big help. Thanks :)


Agree totally on the adding on to positions that show strong trends and break key levels. I have been using this more and more on forex with the day and H4 charts. Too many bozos are preaching scaling out which for me is a disaster zone.


Cheers Nial – keep up the good work.


Good content as usual for inexperienced traders. One thing I could never understand is why would you scale out of a winning trade. I give you 10/10 for your course. It is absolute value for money. Regards Charles.


Excellent – Thank you.


Great lesson once again. Thank you for your insights and willingness to share your knowledge with others.


Fantastic article, I found it to be very helpful..it really does show how to maximize a winning trade. Very simple and easy to understand. Thanks Nial.


As always a great article. thanks.


with ref to scaling out of a trade, i learn’t that by scaling out you reduce your cost position, should the trade go against you, but you only scale out at the next S/R depending on the direction S/L. What are your thoughts on this, i would be interested.


As you have now become a good figure to follow in my trading career I was stuck for 2 yrs but then i came across price action. AMAZING, its’changed everything. Thank you nial.


hi nial, thx for great article.


i think your article good for trending market, but no effect for sideway market.


so if i apply your method, i think i will add 10k at 1.2450 and 5k at 1.2350.that’s my idea.


Great article, Nial. Enjoyed it very much, and very timely….I will take your advice to heart. Cheers.


Enjoy very much your article.


I’ve been trolling the internet for a while looking for decent fx education which doesn’t cost thousands of dollars, or costly subscriptions for mediocre strategies. I recently joined your site and have found that your articles and lessons have switched on the light and shown me the power of price action. Pyramiding your trades is another great concept for me to learn.


Many thanks for providing a great place for newbies like myself to develope into experienced traders. GH.


woah! this is an interesting topic.


Thanx nial i find the lesson very educative on the current market conditions…


The above lesson is exactly how large sums of money are made by shrewd traders/investors and the times I have made the most money are due to pyramiding. Protecting profits is key and its such a good feeling when you are well up in a trade and you cant loose, with the trade still running in your favour. This is the beauty of trading. Money management can be exciting!


Hi Nial, thx for another excellent educative article like many before. I like your teaching style.


NICE! Will be looking to use this in some of the strong trends that are on at the moment.


I Bought your course last week but Since I started Following your website, Am feeling totally changed my account with winning trades, and this great lesson can increase more, Thanks for your Efforts.


Nial Fuller, you are a genius and truly a wonderful instructor. Very lucid and clear article. You make it simple and easy to understand. I have been a member for 2 years now and recommend you strongly to all the sensible traders i know. By the way when is your seminar coming up please.


As always great lesson Nial with your price action I have had a 70% success rate over the last three months.


I wish to echo a previous request to put this on video for us we are extremely lucky to have such a Mentor.


Thanks again Nial.


thanks for last to lessons as well using your style platform seeing diffrent set ups from new york close and ema 21.


Great article Nial. You always convey useful information in a clear & concise manner.


Really really helpful stuff, Nial. Thanks a lot!


good lesson thanks nial.


Yeah, this was helpful for me, Thanks Nial. Gives me confidence to NOT having to scale out of a trade for fear of loosing what I have gain. Now I know how to add on more trades and watch my risk managment. BIG Thanks.


This is the article just what I want.


Besides, your personal suggestion is very practical because Keeping trades simple is the best policy.


Great Info and you make it easy to understand.


This is great and well educating as it has always been.


You changed my trading styles and I now believe forex trading is real. Since I started reading your trading lessons, I have not blown up my account unlike in the past. Good work!


gr8 article Nial, but i want to know, does one have to wait for a PA setup to occur b4 scalling-in? i mean, after the first setup, does one need to wait for another b4…?


Great Lesson! Makes sense! It’s also important that you add to your winning trades and not to your losing trades in the hope that they’ll turn around and keep increasing your risk.


thanks again nial.


Thank you for your valuable teachings Nial. Nice value added method for maximizing profit.


Fantastic info,! Thanks a lot Nial!


Very insightful piece Nial, as always brillaintly written and extremely useful.


I enjoyed the article. I don’t particularly like scaling in. The information on scaling out was helpful to me. I have scaled out on usd/jpy and reduced my profit by $34,000. I will never ever scale out in my trading life. I thought by scaling out I was reducing my risk but now I have realized I was minimizing my profits. This scaling out lesson will save me on future profits. Thank you very much!


With this in mind now I believe the butterflies in my stomach wont haunt me in any way. I normally minimize my profits with early exits only to see it hit moments later. Your analysis is mostly perfect. Thank you so much guru.


Not an just good plan,


a great method and wonderful !


Hey mate another great article. Since taking on your advice on daily chart affirmation i’ve totally changed my whole stategy. I’ve netted a 1:3 and 1:2 in my last 2 trades. I tried a trailing stop on my last trade and totally messed it up or it would have been 1:6! Maybe this could be your next article on the Metatrader?


Really amazingly clear, Nial, Thank you for sharing here!


I just recently bought your course and everything is starting to make sense to me. Price action is key. This was a very good article on pyramiding profits. Thank you for all the information you provide.


As always, alot of great education. :)


Thanks Nial. How to scale in has always perplexed me. Your illustration has cleared some of my doubts.


Also your thoughts on NOT scaling out has set me thinking.


Because I normally take out half position when price has moved eqyuivalent to R1 in favour. Your comments have now set me to rethink about it.


Thank you again for your thoughts and candid explanations.


Have a good weekend.


Great lesson Nial! One request. If possible could you produce a video. Given a more vidual explaination to todays lesson? I believe many would benefit from it. As always thanks!


That is another piece of brilliance .


I liked it. Thanks, Neal!


Very helpful. Thanks Nial.


Another great one Nial, thanks.


Thanks for all your efforts Nials, great article.


Amazing insight again to successful trading methology. You have been my saviour. Before i found your trading website i was confined to the 95% of lossers bin, but now i have the confidence and belief to be able to make money in Forex and the bottom line is precisely that and not just being successful. Thank you for inspiring me.


Finally! Now I understand what pyramiding in to a trade means and how to do it! You make things so easy to understand. Thank you for an excellent lesson on a subject that has puzzled me for ages.


A nice and knowlegdeable article.


Truly a great method to maximize profit. I will definitely implement it into my trading. Thanks Nial.


Thank you so much for this expository insight in to the inner-working of fx trade management. Am so obliged to your efforts, keep em’up.


The previous two say it all. What can be added? Thanks for this.


Hi Nial – this is very clever. I caught the inside bar / pin bar combination on the 28th May (thanks to all your brilliant instruction :) and entered short 1.2480. I gained 100 pips and then opted out cos it got a bit scary (only started with Forex in February this year).


In the future, if I can see a pair trending strongly I’ll ignore my itchy feet and stay put until the winning trade has run it’s course. You’ve made this pretty basic – THANK YOU!


Nice lesson Nial, thanks you very much.


This is great. I need to invite you to Nairobi for some courses.


Fantastic, you’re fx trader very professional.


great article - what more does your full course contain?


Does it have tips and exercises for people with psychological baggages?


Amio, yes it does.


Wow! great lesson. You are very generous with us!


Excellent – Thank you.


Great article Neal,


As a relative newcomer this is most valuable and as you say timely in these markets.


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